project work of computer

1. What is Computer Network? Explain

A Computer Network means two or more computer          connected to each other to share data, hardware, software and other resources.

2. List three major components of computer network?

The three major components of computer network are:

• Server
• Workstation
• Cables

3. Define  Protocol and NOS

Protocol is the set of rules that are followed by the sender and receiver to make communication possible.

NOS refers to software that implements an operating system of same kind that is oriented to computer network.

4. What is Communication Channel?List its type with example

Communication Channel is a channel through which data or signals can be transmitted from one point to another.   Its type are:

• Bounded / Guided Media - Eg: coaxial cable, fiber optics 
• Unbounded / Unguided Media -Eg: Radio frequency, Micro                     

                                                                      wave


5. Write short notes on Twisted Pair and coaxial cable

Twisted Pair

          They are normally used to connect 

  devices to a shorter distance. They are  inexpensive mediums of data transmission, they are easier to install and use. Twisted Pair are available in two forms: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair(STP).

Coaxial Cable

           It is a wire with single-ended single 

reference where the central conductor 

carries the data signals. It is mostly used with BNC, T-connectors and terminators in bus topology of a computer network and cable network.

6. Write short notes on fiber optics and radio wave

Fiber Optics 
          It is one of the costlier cables used

 in data communication. It uses light carry a data signal through a cable. It uses a thin thread of glass to conduct light from one end of cable to the other end.




Radio Wave
           It is used to wirelessly connect 
computer. The computer or network 
that need to communicate using radio 
waves should have an antenna which 
converts the outgoing data packets 
into radio waves and transmits them.





7. Write short notes on NIC and hub
Network Interface Card(NIC)

                Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware device that act as an interface through which a computer is connected to a network.The main function of NIC is to convert data into electrical signals and transfer them through cables and vice versa

Hub
       A hub is a device with multiple points or ports. It act as a central point from where different computer and other device are connected.




8. Write short notes on Router and Repeater
Router
         A router is a intelligent device that connects two different network.It provide features such as the ability to determine the 
best route for a destination. 




Repeater 
          It is a device that amplifies the incoming signals, creates a new copy of it and transmits the signal on the network.Repeater 
are required in the network where computer are a part of each other.



9. Write short notes on Bridge, Gateway and MODEM.
Bridge
      A Bridge is a device that connects two or more similar type of networks.It also filters the data or inspects incoming signals and decides whether to forward the signals or discard them.

Gateway
         A gateway is the device that connects two dissimilar network.
It accept the packet formatted for one protocol and converts the formatted packet into another protocol.



MODEM
        MODEM is the short form of Modulator-Demodulator. It is a device used to transfer data of one computer to another using telephone lines.




10. Write short notes on client/server and peer-to-peer
Client/server
          It consist of at least one server and one or more client.
It provides centralization network administration. It also provide
high security of data and other resources.It is suitable for large
organization where data security is required.

Peer-to peer
              It is a group of computers which function both as server and workstation. It lacks centralization network administration.
It provides no reliable security and might put data at risk. It is suitable for small offices and home usage where data and other security are not required.

11. Define server and workstation.
Server
        A server is the main computer that provides services, data and other resources to other computers in the network environment.

Workstation
         workstation is the computer where the client works.

12. List the types of network and Write short notes on LAN
The types of network are:

• Local Area Network(LAN)
• Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
• Wide Area Network(WAN)                                                                  

Local Area Network(LAN)
               It is a network which covers small area i.e. within a room or building. It is controlled by a single organization. It uses private connection media. Eg: Network in school, colleges or cyber cafe.

13. What is Topology? Write short notes on Star Topology with diagram
Topology is the arrangement of computer in network.
Star topology
          It is a topology where all network or computer devices are connected through a central device called hub.This is the most popular network topology used to connect computer and other devices in network.

14. Write short notes on bus and ring topology with daigram.
Bus Topology
           It is a topology where computers and other devices are arranged in a Linear format.It is easy to setup computers and other devices in bus topology, because all device are connected through a single wire.

Ring Topology

           It is a topology where computer are connected in the shape of circle without any end point.It is easy to setup and reconfigure. It is difficult to detect errors in this type of network.

15. Write short notes on MAN and WAN
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
                     It is a network which covers an entire city. It is controlled by single or many group of organization. It uses public or private connection media.

Wide Area Network (WAN)
                It is a network which cover large area i.e. entire continent or whole world. It is controlled by multiple organization. It uses public connection media as telephone line, wireless technology.  

16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of network?
The Advantages of network are:

• Information can be send rapidly.
• Software and Hardware like :printer, fax can be shared.
• Updated data can be accessed by all computer in network.

The disadvantages of network are:

• Failure of server stops application being available .
• The system opens to hacker.
• Network failure may cause loss of data.